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What are the requirements for the degradation rate of degradable materials?

by:XCBIO     2021-09-05
materials refer to materials degraded by microorganisms existing in nature, such as soil, sand, freshwater environment, seawater environment and special conditions such as composting or anaerobic digestion conditions, which can be completely degraded into carbon dioxide (CO2) or water (H2O) and mineralization Other substances of inorganic salts and their elements. Currently, fully degradable polymers mainly include PLA polylactic acid, PBAT, PBS, PBSA, polycaprolactone and so on. Under various conditions such as soil, sandy soil, freshwater environment, seawater environment, and certain conditions such as composting or anaerobic digestion, the biodegradation rate of degradable materials should be 90%. Simply put, it is a material that can be naturally degraded into small molecules in the environment without polluting the environment and causing no harm or secondary pollution to the environment. Biodegradation rate refers to the percentage of ji carbon in the test material that is decomposed into biogas such as carbon dioxide and/or methane during the biodegradation process. The cumulative amount of biogas generated during the test is continuously monitored and regularly measured. Since the 1980s, my country has begun to study degradable plastics, mainly by adding additives such as light-mining agents and thermal oxidative degradation agents to traditional plastics to achieve the purpose of degradation. However, after using for a period of time, it was found that this additive degradation material (such as photo-biodegradable material, oxidative-biodegradable material, etc.) could not be completely degraded. Currently, fully degradable material polymers mainly include PLA polylactic acid, PBAT, PBS, PHA polyglycolic acid, polycarbonate, polyglycolic acid, PBSA, PPDO and other biodegradable products materials. According to GB/T 19277.1, 19277.2, 19276.1, 19276.2, 28206 and other test methods, the biodegradation rate of these biodegradable products materials should reach more than ninety. When the biodegradation rate reaches over ninety, it is considered to be full biodegradation, because when degradation occurs under environmental conditions such as compost, soil, etc., a small part of the ji carbon contained in the biodegradable material becomes si organisms or mines. Inorganic salt, so the measured biodegradation rate is not necessarily 100%. However, according to the above standards, additive degradable materials cannot reach 90. The 'Marine Pollution Prevention Act' issued by the European Union in October 2019 clearly stipulates that from 2021, the use of such incompletely degradable additive biodegradable materials is prohibited.
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